MyoTreat

Myopia: from genes and environment to cellular responses and Treatment

01.12.2023 bis 30.11.2027

In modern industrial societies, myopia has become an important ocular health problem of young people, due to its increased incidence
and associated complications, which pose a significant risk of blindness already in the middle life span. Current treatment options have
limited effects with a maximum reduction of axial elongation by about 0.4 mm over several years, equivalent to a reduction in myopia by
only about 1 D. Eye growth is controlled by an interplay of different biochemical pathways, one inhibitory (stimulated by image plane
in front of the retina) and one stimulatory (image plane behind the retina). A novel future strategy would be to activate the inhibitory
pathways rather than inhibit the growth stimulating pathways (standard target in most studies). At present, interventions to activate growth
inhibition are poorly studied. The influence of environmental factors (spectral composition of ambient light) and gene-environment
interactions (specific gene variants and their interaction with key lifestyle exposures) on eye growth and refractive development will
be investigated. New pharmacological targets will be identified and tested, and biomarkers established to detect the onset of myopia at
an earlier stage. It will be studied how choroidal hypoxia relates to choroidal thinning and axial eye growth and how it interacts with
the metabolic processes in the retina and sclera. New measurement techniques will be developed that implement artificial intelligence
algorithms to improve diagnostics in myopia studies, especially in the periphery of the visual field. The proposed intersectorial and
interdisciplinary "MyoTreat" project (including anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, optics, and genetics) will train PhD students in
myopia research and generate and disseminate novel research results. The ultimate scientific goal is to identify new strategies for myopia
therapy through hypothesis-driven translational research in various animal models as well as in humans.